Wage differentials within a female dominated occupation: domestic workers in informal and flexible jobs in Portugal

We use an original dataset to examine the impact of informal and flexible contractual arrangements on wages of a sample of domestic workers hired by private employers in Portugal. All arrangements should be formal involving declaration of employment relationship to social security authorities. Our results suggest formality benefits workers whether they have stable or flexible contract. However, social and labour market processes help shape and maintain inequality, especially for migrant workers. Specific and general skills are undervalued and are unable to generate rewards. Compensation was identified for contingent work, multiple employers and elderly caregivers but this hides exploitation and insecurity.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Impact of Leadership Style on Organization Commitment: In A Mediating Role of Employee Values

This paper aims to how leadership ship style effects the organization commitment of the employees, when the organization culture is reflecting the employee’s values in the organization. This paper is a conceptual based paper which gives theoretical evidence to support the idea. The paper also gives a brief overview of transactional leadership and transformational leadership. The results of the paper suggest that the leadership style is a strong dimension of organization commitment when organization culture of the organization represents the employees’ values in the organization. Employees are more satisfied if the organization will meet their expectations which are the part of that organization culture, so they are more committed with the organization. The paper is not giving any empirical evidence of the model. Further studies can be carried out by replacing transactional leadership with servant leadership

Workplace abuse and harassment: the vulnerability of informal and migrant domestic workers in Portugal

Policy makers and researchers are alarmed by the pervasive substandard working conditions and mistreatment in domestic work worldwide. Using an original dataset from a sample of domestic workers in Portugal (n=684), our study explores types of abuse and harassment and tries to unveil the potential factors affecting the likelihood of having been a victim. Empirical evidence pointed to three segments of domestic workers: victims of labour abuses related to contract and wages, victims of multiple abuses including mistreatment and also psychological and sexual harassment, and a segment with no occurrence of abuse. Informal workers are more often victims of labour abuses, while migrants, especially Brazilian women, are more likely to report all types of abuse and harassment. On the other hand, carers of the elderly often suffered multiple abuses. The results suggest that despite the prevalence of labour abuses in Portugal, the most severe abuses are uncommon.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Application of Environmental-Based Scientific Approach to Improve Science Learning Activities and Outcomes in Grade IV Students of SD Inpres Koya, North Morowali Regency

This study aims to describe an increase in science learning activities and learning outcomes of fourth-grade students through the application of an environment-based scientific approach in the SD Inpres Koya. The research method uses the Hopkins model design, which consists of 4 stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The place for conducting the study was at SD Inpres Koya, from July to August 2018. The research subjects were 12 students. The data collection technique uses observation and test methods. Data analysis was done by analyzing data qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the activity of students increased (15.33%) in the first cycle to the second cycle. Teacher activity increased (14.66%) from the first cycle to the second cycle. Data on student learning outcomes for pre-action classical absorption (57.50%), cycle I (74.14%), and cycle II (85.83%) increased (11.69%). For classical learning completeness pre-action (41.66%), cycle I (75.00%), and cycle II (100%) increased (25.00%). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of an environment-based scientific approach can improve the activities and learning outcomes of science in the fourth grade of SD Inpres Koya. &nbsp

Patterns of transition to employment: Comparing two generations of workers in Portugal

Our research compares the transitions patterns of two generations of workers, the Xers (those who were born in 1963 – 1980) and the Millennials (those who were born in 1981 – 1996). We interviewed 19 people in Lisbon (Portugal) to find their occupational trajectory since the first entry to the labour market. We found four paths of transitions for Millennials and two paths for Xers. Although the Xers have been affected by reforms of regulation allowing the use of flexible arrangements, they were less likely to be assigned to precarious jobs, while the job precariousness is a regular feature of Millennials’ transition. While some Xers move through temporary contracts, they were unlikely to have unemployment spell. The temporary jobs represented a stepping-stone to permanent job for Xers. The Millennials mostly report unemployment spells in the transition from one temporary contract to another. The findings suggest that the Millennials are at risk of being entrapped in low quality jobs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PREECLAMPSIA-ECLAMPSIA GRAVIDARUM AND THE DELIVERY OF THE CESAREAN SECTION METHOD

Introduction: Preeclampsia and eclampsia were emergencies, which greatly contribute to maternal mortality. The definitive management for preeclampsia-eclampsia gravidarum was pregnancy termination, which can be done by the caesarean section method.Purpose: To analyze the correlation between preeclampsia-eclampsia gravidarum and the caesarean section method at Prof. Dr. H. Aloei Saboe in September to January 2020.Method: Observational study with cross-sectional approaches. The sample used was mothers who gave birth at Prof. Dr. H Aloei Saboe during the period January-September 2020, which fulfilled the criteria of inclusion and exclusion with a total of 66 samples. Data were taken from medical records and analyzed by using the test Chi-square, with a significance value of 10% (α = 0.10).Results: Hypothesis testing used chi-square method with a level of significance 10% (α = 0.10), obtaining the p-value (0.82) ( p> 0.10).Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between preeclampsia-eclampsia gravidarum and the delivery of the Caesarean section method at Prof. Dr. H. Aloei Saboe January-September 2020 perio

Typology of abuse and harassment in domestic work in Portugal

Using an original dataset, our study explores types of abuse and harassment suffered by a sample of domestic workers in Portugal (n=684). Empirical evidence based on multiple correspondence and cluster analyses pointed to three segments of domestic workers: victims of labour abuse related to contract and wages, victims of multiple abuse including mistreatment and also psychological and sexual harassment, and a segment with no occurrence of abuse. Descriptive statistics suggest migrants, especially Brazilian women, prevail in all types of abuse and harassment, but carers of the elderly are often victims of multiple abuse. Domestic workers seem to be protected from the risk of mistreatment by trust related issues and child caring.FCT